Unleash the potential of Colostrum, a superfood supported by 100s of scientific studies! Uncover the remarkable benefits with our curated list and summary of the most important research findings.
Colostrum & The Flu
1. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Di Renzo A, et al. Prevention of influenza episodes with colostrum compared with vaccination in healthy and high-risk cardiovascular subjects: the epidemiologic study in San Valentino. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2007;13(2):130-136.
Summary: Colostrum is 3x more effective than vaccination in preventing the flu.
2. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Cornelli U, et al. Prevention of flu episodes with colostrum and Bifivir compared with vaccination: an epidemiological, registry study. Panminerva Med. 2010;52(4):269-275.
Summary: The number of flu episodes registered using immunomodulators like colostrum was significantly lower than those observed in patients using flu vaccinations or no prevention method at all.
Colostrum & Covid-19
3. Khartode SS. Early recovery of COVID-19 patients by using immunoglobulins present in Cow Colostrum Food Supplement-A Clinical Study. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 2021;9(3):186-198.
Summary: Bovine colostrum improved mild, moderate, and severe cases of covid compared to the control group. Patients taking colostrum experienced an average recovery time of 2-3 days, while the control group took 6-8 days to recover.
4. Mann JK, Reddy T, van der Stok M, et al. Hen egg white bovine colostrum supplement reduces symptoms of mild/moderate COVID-19: a randomized control trial. Future Sci OA. 2023;9(8):FSO882.
Summary: In this study looking at Covid-19, hen egg white and bovine colostrum were combined into a powder. Results showed that those taking the mixture had significantly less chest pain, fever, joint pain, malaise and sore throat compared to those not taking it.
Colostrum & Rotavirus
5. Barakat SH, Meheissen MA, Omar OM, Elbana DA. Bovine Colostrum in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. J Trop Pediatr. 2020;66(1):46-55.
Summary: In patients with rotavirus, those who received bovine colostrum had significantly lower severity of diarrhoea compared to placebo. The disappearance of diarrhoea was also significantly earlier than those not taking colostrum
6. Inagaki M, Yamamoto M, Xijier, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of bovine colostrum against human rotavirus infection. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(3):680-682.
Summary: Bovine colostrum was found to exhibit high potency in inhibiting replication of human rotavirus in vitro. Prophylactic use of colostrum (meaning taking it before getting sick) also prevented the development of diarrhoea in mice.
Colostrum & Intestinal Permeability (Leaky Gut)
7. Hałasa M, Maciejewska D, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Machaliński B, Safranow K, Stachowska E. Oral Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Stool Concentrations of Zonulin in Athletes. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):370.
Summary: With a daily dosage of only 500mg, Bovine Colostrum supplementation was found to be both safe and effective at reducing intestinal permeability in athletes.
8. Marchbank T, Davison G, Oakes JR, et al. OC-083 Clinical trial: influence of bovine colostrum on intestinal permeability in healthy athletes after heavy exercise. Gut. 2010;59(Suppl 1):A34.2-A35.
Summary: Colostrum significantly reduced intestinal permeability caused by heavy exercise. Compared to placebo, it blunted intestinal permeability by 80% and reduced apoptosis by 66%.
9. Eslamian G, Ardehali SH, Baghestani AR, Vahdat Shariatpanahi Z. Effects of early enteral bovine colostrum supplementation on intestinal permeability in critically ill patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition. 2019;60:106-111.
Summary: In a study of 70 ICU patients, bovine colostrum led to significant reductions in plasma endotoxin, zonulin levels and diarrhea when compared to the control group. Researchers noted the important implications for intestinal permeability.
10. Davison G, Marchbank T, March DS, Thatcher R, Playford RJ. Zinc carnosine works with bovine colostrum in truncating heavy exercise-induced increase in gut permeability in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(2):526-536.
Summary: Colostrum was shown to significantly blunt the impact of exercised induced intestinal permeability by 70% after 14 days as well as reduce apoptosis and epithelial resistance by 35-50%.
11. Prosser C, Stelwagen K, Cummins R, Guerin P, Gill N, Milne C. Reduction in heat-induced gastrointestinal hyperpermeability in rats by bovine colostrum and goat milk powders. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004;96(2):650-654.
Summary: In this animal study, bovine colostrum was shown to reduce heat induced intestinal permeability with the study concluding that colostrum may be of benefit where the gut barrier is compromised.
12. Marchbank T, Davison G, Oakes JR, et al. The nutriceutical bovine colostrum truncates the increase in gut permeability caused by heavy exercise in athletes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;300(3):G477-G484.
Summary: Participants ran for 20 min on a treadmill under controlled laboratory conditions. While running caused a significant increase in gastrointestinal permeability in placebo group, this effect was almost completely blunted in those taking colostrum.
13. March DS, Jones AW, Thatcher R, Davison G. The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on intestinal injury and circulating intestinal bacterial DNA following exercise in the heat. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(4):1441-1451.
Summary: Participants were required to exercise for 60 min in a chamber set at 30 degrees celsius with 60% humidity. This caused significant increases in iFABP but was blunted by colostrum supplementation.
Colostrum & Gut Damage Repair (NSAID Induced)
14. Playford RJ, Floyd DN, Macdonald CE, et al. Bovine colostrum is a health food supplement which prevents NSAID induced gut damage. Gut. 1999;44(5):653-658.
Summary: Bovine colostrum reduced gastrointestinal injury in rats by 30-60% after NSAID administration. Researchers found it to be an inexpensive approach for preventing and treating the harmful effects of NSAIDs on the gut and potentially had implications for other ulcerative bowel conditions.
15. Cairangzhuoma, Yamamoto M, Muranishi H, et al. Skimmed, sterilized, and concentrated bovine late colostrum promotes both prevention and recovery from intestinal tissue damage in mice. J Dairy Sci. 2013;96(3):1347-1355.
Summary: Following NSAID administration, bovine colostrum was found to promote growth and healing of the intestinal villi (gut wall) in mice. Researchers recommended colostrum as a potential therapeutic agent for ulcerative and inflammatory conditions of the bowel.
16. Kim JW, Jeon WK, Kim EJ. Combined effects of bovine colostrum and glutamine in diclofenac-induced bacterial translocation in rat. Clin Nutr. 2005;24(5):785-793.
Summary: Using bovine colostrum and glutamine together may effectively decrease gut damage and bacterial translocation caused by NSAIDs in rats.
Colostrum & Inflammatory Bowel Disease
17. Khan Z, Macdonald C, Wicks AC, et al. Use of the 'nutriceutical', bovine colostrum, for the treatment of distal colitis: results from an initial study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16(11):1917-1922.
Summary: This study showed that a colostrum enema improved symptoms of ulcerative colitis, such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, bowel frequency, and stool consistency
18. Chae A, Aitchison A, Day AS, Keenan JI. Bovine colostrum demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity in in vitro models of intestinal inflammation and infection. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017;28:293-298.
19. Bodammer P, Maletzki C, Waitz G, Emmrich J. Prophylactic application of bovine colostrum ameliorates murine colitis via induction of immunoregulatory cells. J Nutr. 2011;141(6):1056-1061.Summary: An in vitro investigation on the effects of colostrum on intestinal cells, showed a decrease in inflammation and bacterial adhesion to intestinal cells. Bovine colostrum and its bioactive constituents may alleviate the clinical course of inflammatory diseases, like IBD.
Summary: In induced colitis in mice, prophylactic administration of bovine colostrum reduced clinical severity, weight loss, and colorectal inflammation compared to the control group.
20. Menchetti L, Curone G, Filipescu IE, et al. The prophylactic use of bovine colostrum in a murine model of TNBS-Induced colitis. Animals. 2020;10(3):492
Summary: In induced colitis in mice, prophylactic administration of bovine colostrum resulted in a decrease in inflammatory indicators compared to control. Researchers determined that colostrum has the potential to be utilised as a natural supplement in the treatment of IBD.
Colostrum & Beneficial Gut Bacteria Growth
21. Champagne CP, Raymond Y, Pouliot Y, Gauthier SF, Lessard M. Effect of bovine colostrum, cheese whey, and spray-dried porcine plasma on the in vitro growth of probiotic bacteria and Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol. 2014;60(5):287-295.
Summary: Bovine colostrum was shown to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria while also inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli
22. Agradi S, Cremonesi P, Menchetti L, et al. Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Modulates the Intestinal Microbial Community in Rabbits. Animals (Basel). 2023;13(6):976.
Summary: Colostrum was found to enhance the presence of short-chain fatty acid microorganisms, which play a crucial role in maintaining gut homeostasis.
23. Menchetti L, Curone G, Filipescu IE, et al. The prophylactic use of bovine colostrum in a murine model of TNBS-Induced colitis. Animals. 2020;10(3):492
Bovine colostrum was shown to increase the growth of beneficial gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.
24. Asbjornsdottir B, Miranda-Ribera A, Fiorentino M, et al. Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Microbiota and Behavior in Wild-Type and Zonulin Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines. 2022;11(1):91.
Summary: In mice, consumption of bovine colostrum was shown to increase the abundance and diversity of beneficial bacterial. It also shifted dysbiotic bacteria (bad bacteria) towards eubiosis (good bacteria).
25. Elsasser TH, Ma B, Ravel J, Kahl S, Gajer P, Cross A. Short-term feeding of defatted bovine colostrum mitigates inflammation in the gut via changes in metabolites and microbiota in a chicken animal model. Anim Microbiome. 2023;5(1):6.
Summary: Bovine Colostrum had a beneficial impact on microbiota, particularly in promoting the presence of the bacterial types associated with eubiosis and the segmented filamentous bacteria.
Colostrum & Endotoxin (LPS) Clearance
For clarity, endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide is a toxin found in the cell wall of negative gram bacteria. It is released when the bacteria die. It is commonly found in the bloodstream of people with increased intestinal permeability or leaky gut syndrome.
26. Döhler JR, Nebermann L. Bovine colostrum in oral treatment of enterogenic endotoxaemia in rats. Crit Care. 2002;6(6):536-539.
Summary: In this animal study, Bovine colostrum and Bovine colostrum enriched with lactoferrin were shown to reduce plasma endotoxin levels by 67% and 80% respectively.
27. Bölke E, Jehle PM, Hausmann F, et al. Preoperative oral application of immunoglobulin-enriched colostrum milk and mediator response during abdominal surgery. Shock. 2002;17(1):9-12.
Summary: Bovine colostrum was successfully used in a randomised pilot human study to reduce endotoxin levels generated after abdominal surgery.
28. Eslamian G, Ardehali SH, Baghestani AR, Vahdat Shariatpanahi Z. Effects of early enteral bovine colostrum supplementation on intestinal permeability in critically ill patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition. 2019;60:106-111.
Summary: In this study of 70 ICU patients, those taking bovine colostrum had significantly less plasma endotoxin levels compared to the control group.
29. Seifert J, Molkewehrum M, Oesser S, Nebermann L, Schulze C. Endotoxin inactivation by enterally applied colostrum of different composition. Eur Surg Res. 2002;34(1-2):68-72.
Summary: The oral application of lactoferrin-enriched colostrum decreased endotoxin values by more than 50% in rats.
Colostrum & Clearing H.Pylori Infection
30. Bitzan MM, Gold BD, Philpott DJ, et al. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae binding to lipid receptors by bovine colostrum. J Infect Dis. 1998;177(4):955-961. doi:10.1086/515256
Summary: This in vitro study showed that bovine colostrum hinders microbial adhesion to specific lipids, influencing the interaction of H. pylori and other pathogens to their target tissues.
Colostrum & Clearing C.Difficile Infection
31. Stuppy W. Probiotics and Colostrum in the Treament of C. difficile Colitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. September 2006.
Summary: After two weeks of supplementing with 250mg of Saccharomyces boulardii and 960mg of colostrum, 85 out of 87 patients were found free of C difficile toxins A&B. The researcher suggested that this approach could be used over antibiotics.
Colostrum & Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC)
32. Jensen ML, Sangild PT, Lykke M, et al. Similar efficacy of human banked milk and bovine colostrum to decrease incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm piglets. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013;305(1):R4-R12.
Summary: Bovine colostrum and human milk were superior to infant formula in stimulating gut structure, function, and necrotising enterocolitis resistance in preterm piglets. BC may be an alternative to HM when mother's milk is unavailable during the first week after preterm birth.
33. Støy ACF, Heegaard PMH, Sangild PT, Østergaard M, Skovgaard K. Gene expression analysis of the IPEC-J2 cell line: a simple model for the Inflammation-Sensitive preterm intestine. ISRN Genomics. 2013;2013:1-7.
Summary: Bovine colostrum effectively restored intestinal function after inflammation induced by necrotising enterocolitis in preterm piglets.
34. Asbjornsdottir B, Miranda-Ribera A, Fiorentino M, et al. Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Microbiota and Behavior in Wild-Type and Zonulin Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines. 2022;11(1):91.
Summary: No instances of necrotising enterocolitis were observed in infants fed bovine colostrum, and there was a significant decrease in mortality and feeding intolerance. Colostrum was recommended for gut priming in this demographic.
Colostrum & Reducing Diarrhoea
35. Li J, Xu YW, Jiang JJ, Song QK. Bovine colostrum and product intervention associated with relief of childhood infectious diarrhea. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):3093.
Summary: In this meta-analysis looking at 5 double blind placebo controlled studies, bovine colostrum was shown to reduce the occurrence of diarrhoea by 70%. Overall, colostrum was also shown to reduce stool frequency and pathogen detection.
36. Barakat SH, Meheissen MA, Omar OM, Elbana DA. Bovine Colostrum in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. J Trop Pediatr. 2020;66(1):46-55.
Summary: After 48 hours, those who took bovine colostrum had significantly lower frequency of vomiting and diarrhoea.
Colostrum & Oral Mucosa Repair
37. Rathe M, De Pietri S, Wehner PS, et al. Bovine Colostrum Against Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020;44(2):337-347.
Summary: In this study examining bovine colostrum's role in chemotherapy-induced toxicity, colostrum significantly reduced oral mucositis.
38. Bardellini E, Amadori F, Majorana A. Oral hygiene grade and quality of life in children with chemotherapy-related oral mucositis: a randomized study on the impact of a fluoride toothpaste with salivary enzymes, essential oils, proteins and colostrum extract versus a fluoride toothpaste without menthol. Int J Dent Hyg. 2016;14(4):314-319.
Summary: A toothpaste containing colostrum purified extract and other bioactives reduced chemotherapy induced oral mucositis symptoms in Pediatric patients.
Colostrum & Athlete Performance Enhancement
39. Duff WR, Chilibeck PD, Rooke JJ, Kaviani M, Krentz JR, Haines DM. The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation in older adults during resistance training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2014;24(3):276-285.
Summary: Bovine colostrum taken during resistance training improved leg press strength and reduced bone resorption in older adults. Both colostrum and whey protein enhanced upper body strength, muscle thickness, tissue mass, and cognitive function.
40. Mero A, Miikkulainen H, Riski J, Pakkanen R, Aalto J, Takala T. Effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on serum IGF-I, IgG, hormone, and saliva IgA during training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997;83(4):1144-1151.
Summary: Bovine colostrum was found to increase serum IGF-1 in male sprinting and jumping athletes during strength and speed training
41. Antonio J, Sanders MS, Van Gammeren D. The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women. Nutrition. 2001;17(3):243-247.
Summary: Supplementation with bovine colostrum in combination with exercise training for 8 weeks was shown to increase bone-free lean body mass in active men and women
42. Hofman Z, Smeets R, Verlaan G, Lugt Rv, Verstappen PA. The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in elite field hockey players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2002;12(4):461-469.
Summary: In a study looking at 8 weeks of bovine colostrum supplementation in elite hockey players, it was found that colostrum significantly improved sprint test and vertical jump performance when compared to whey.
43. Buckley JD, Abbott MJ, Brinkworth GD, Whyte PB. Bovine colostrum supplementation during endurance running training improves recovery, but not performance. J Sci Med Sport. 2002;5(2):65-79.
Summary: Bovine colostrum supplementation taken during endurance training was shown to improve performance by 5.2% after 8 weeks with researchers putting it down to colostrum enhancing recovery
44. Kotsis Y, Mikellidi A, Aresti C, et al. A low-dose, 6-week bovine colostrum supplementation maintains performance and attenuates inflammatory indices following a Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test in soccer players. Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(3):1181-1195.
Summary: In a study analyzing the effects of low dose bovine colostrum supplementation in soccer players, colostrum demonstrated a reduction in post-exercise induced muscle damage and an improvement in performance when compared to controls
45. Shing CM, Peake JM, Suzuki K, Jenkins DG, Coombes JS. A pilot study: bovine colostrum supplementation and hormonal and autonomic responses to competitive cycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013;53(5):490-501.
Summary: Bovine colostrum supplementation maintained testosterone concentration over consecutive days of competitive cycling compared to the control group.
46. Coombs JS, et al. Dose effects of oral bovine colostrum on physical work capacity in cyclists. Medicine Science Sports Exercise 34(7): 1184-8 (2002).
Summary: 8 weeks of colostrum supplementation enhanced cycling performance. Compared to initial performance measured 8 weeks earlier, those taking colostrum improved their time by 158 seconds while those taking whey protein only improved their time by 37 seconds.
47. Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Bourdon PC, et al. Oral bovine colostrum supplementation enhances buffer capacity but not rowing performance in elite female rowers. Int J Sport Nutrition Exercise Metabolism;12:349-365 (2002).
Summary: In 13 elite rowers, the distance covered and work performed during a a 4 minutes maximum rowing effort was significantly higher in rowers receiving colostrum when compared to placebo.
48. Buckley JD, Brinkworth GD, Abbott MJ. Effect of bovine colostrum on anaerobic exercise performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor I. J Sports Sci. 2003;21(7):577-588.
Summary: In 51 males doing resistance and plyometric training, bovine colostrum taken during training was shown to increase peak anaerobic powder.
Colostrum & Athlete Immune Protection
49. Shing CM, Peake J, Suzuki K, et al. Effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on immune variables in highly trained cyclists. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007;102(3):1113-1122.
Summary: This study found that low dose bovine colostrum can positively impact immune factors in highly trained cyclists, both during normal training and after intense exercise. As a result, participants who took colostrum experienced a reduction in upper respiratory illness.
50. Jones AW, Thatcher R, March DS, Davison G. Influence of 4 weeks of bovine colostrum supplementation on neutrophil and mucosal immune responses to prolonged cycling. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(6):788-796.
Summary: 4 weeks of bovine colostrum was shown to have beneficial effects on receptor-mediated stimulation of neutrophil oxidative burst which may help combat exercise-induced immune dysfunction
51. Crooks C, Cross ML, Wall C, Ali A. Effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on respiratory tract mucosal defenses in swimmers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(3):224-235.
Summary: In a study of elite swimmers, athletes experienced fewer URIs when they consumed bovine colostrum
52. Crooks CV, Wall CR, Cross ML, Rutherfurd-Markwick KJ. The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on salivary IgA in distance runners. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006;16(1):47-64.
Summary: In long distance runners, bovine colostrum was shown to increase s-IgA levels by 79% after 12 weeks of supplementation. Secretory IgA is a known mucosal immune booster and protector again URTI’s.
Colostrum & Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
53. Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Stachowska E, Grochans E, et al. Moderate Dose Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Medical University Students: A Randomized, Triple Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2023;15(8):1925.
Summary: Compared to placebo, medical students taking colostrum had a significant level of protection from URTIs when looking at frequency of symptomatic days, severity and also general well being.
54. Patıroğlu T, Kondolot M. The effect of bovine colostrum on viral upper respiratory tract infections in children with immunoglobulin A deficiency. Clin Respir J. 2013;7(1):21-26.
Summary: In a study of 31 children with IgA deficiency and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, it was found that those who took bovine colostrum had decreased infection severity scores compared to those who took a placebo after just 1 week.
55.Hałasa M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Machaliński B, Bühner L, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M. Six Weeks of Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Effectively Reduces URTIs Symptoms Frequency and Gravity for Up to 20 Weeks in Pre-School Children. Nutrients. 2023;15(16):3626.
Summary: In preschool children, low dose colostrum supplementation was shown to provide significant protection from the frequency of URTIs and their severity
56. Saad K, Abo-Elela MGM, El-Baseer KAA, et al. Effects of bovine colostrum on recurrent respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in children. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(37):e4560.
Summary: Bovine colostrum was shown to significantly effective at the preventing recurrent URTIs and diarrhoea - along with the hospitalisations associated with these symptoms.
Colostrum & Reducing Allergies
57. Wong CJ. O033 Bovine colostrum as an adjunct therapy in the control of allergic respiratory disease in children. Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. 2016;117(5):S12.
Summary: In a study looking at the role of colostrum in combating allergies, it was found that bovine colostrum significantly reduced nasal allergy symptoms while also improving pulmonary or lung function
Colostrum & Iron Support
58. Cieślicka M, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Buttar HS, Dziewiecka H, Kasperska A, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum on Iron Homeostasis, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Female Athletes: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2022;15(1):186.
Summary: Bovine colostrum supplementation for 6 months was found to be beneficial in reducing the harmful effects of free radicals, oxidative stress and inflammation. Bovine colostrum also had a positive effect on stabilising iron metabolism parameters.
Colostrum & Enhanced Wound Healing
59. Kshirsagar AY, Vekariya MA, Gupta V, et al. A comparative study of colostrum dressing versus conventional dressing in deep wounds. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(4):PC01-PC4.
Summary: Compared to traditional dressings, colostrum dressings resulted in shorter healing time, rapid healing and decreased pain compared to the control group.
60. Tarff A, Drew-Bear LE, Di Meglio L, et al. Effect of topical bovine colostrum in wound healing of corneal surface after acute ocular alkali burn in mice. Exp Eye Res. 2022;220:109093.
Summary: Topical application of BC facilitates corneal re-epithelialization and wound healing by suppressing the inflammatory process in an ocular alkali burn model in mice.
61. Tanideh N, Abdordideh E, Yousefabad SLA, et al. Evaluation of the healing effect of honey and colostrum in treatment of cutaneous wound in rat. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2016;26(1):71-77
Summary: A combination of honey and colostrum on wounds can enhance the healing of cutaneous wounds in rats.
62. Panigrahi A ,Sahoo M , Mohapatra S, et al. Role of Bovine Colostrum in Healing of Chronic Non-Healing Ulcers – A Clinical Study. Journal of Medical Science & Clinical Research. 2018; 6(11): 204-207.
Summary: In 60 patients with non healing ulcers, those who applied colostrum powder had a significant increase in wound healing in the compared to conventional treatment. Bovine colostrum has significant wound healing properties.
63. Kaur T, Joshi A, Singh N. Natural cocktail of bioactive factors conjugated on nanofibrous dressing for improved wound healing. Biomaterials Advances. 2022;143:213163.
Summary: In vitro, colostrum stimulated skin repair and regeneration by direct action on genetic material. Significantly less inflammation in colostrum treated wounds was observed due to anti-inflammatory properties of lactoferrin and other growth factors.
64. Kim H, Kim DE, Han G, et al. Harnessing the Natural Healing Power of Colostrum: Bovine Milk‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Colostrum Facilitating the Transition from Inflammation to Tissue Regeneration for Accelerating Cutaneous Wound Healing. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 2021;11(6).
Summary: The results show that colostrum EVs promote epithelialisation, activate angiogenesis, and enhance extracellular matrix maturation in a mouse wound model.
65. Kovacs D, Cardinali G, Aspite N, Picardo M. Bovine colostrum promotes growth and migration of the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. Growth Factors. 2009;27(6):448-455.
Summary: An in vitro study found that colostrum stimulated keratinocyte proliferation and migration which is essential for tissue repair. Researchers put it down to the growth factors found in colostrum.
66. Sakthibalan M, Aakash R, Adhimoolam M, Prasad C. Evaluation of wound healing effect of colostrum and curcumin cream in rat excision wound model. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research. 2022;10(1):15-20
Summary: When compared to conventional cream, Colostrum plus Curcumin cream has shown a better wound healing in a shorter period of time.
Colostrum & Metabolic Health
67. Kim JH, Jung WS, Choi NJ, Kim DO, Shin DH, Kim YJ. Health-promoting effects of bovine colostrum in Type 2 diabetic patients can reduce blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and ketones. J Nutr Biochem. 2009;20(4):298-303.
Summary: Type 2 diabetics who consumed bovine colostrum experienced reduced blood glucose and ketone levels. Colostrum supplementation also resulted in lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels, potentially impacting Type 2 Diabetes complications.
68. Nikolic I, Stojanovic I, Vujicic M, et al. Standardized bovine colostrum derivative impedes development of type 1 diabetes in rodents. Immunobiology. 2017;222(2):272-279.
Summary: In rats with type 1 diabetes, standardised colostrum was associated with reduced insulitis and modulation of the immune system
Colostrum & Autism, Developmental Concerns
69. Sanctuary MR, Kain JN, Chen SY, et al. Pilot study of probiotic/colostrum supplementation on gut function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):e0210064.
Summary: Gut issues have long been thought to play a major role in neurodevelopment concerns and autism. In a small pilot study, bovine colostrum was shown to reduce GI symptoms, immune imbalance and aberrant behaviour in children with autism.
70. Panahi Y, Falahi G, Falahpour M, et al. Bovine colostrum in the management of nonorganic failure to thrive: a randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50(5):551-554.
Summary: In children with nonorganic failure to thrive (FTT), colostrum was shown to help increase the weight of children without side effects. 20% of patients became healthy after 3 months of supplementation compared to just 3.3% in the control group.
71. Juhl SM, Ye X, Zhou P, et al. Bovine Colostrum for Preterm Infants in the First Days of Life: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;66(3):471-478.
Summary: Where mums are unable to breastfeed and do not want to use infant formula, bovine colostrum was found to be feasible as a replacement in the first weeks of life to increase enteral protein intake.
72. Bierut T, Duckworth L, Grabowsky M, et al. The effect of bovine colostrum/egg supplementation compared with corn/soy flour in young Malawian children: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;113(2):420-427
Summary: The addition of bovine colostrum and egg white to complementary feeding in Malawian infants resulted in less linear growth faltering compared to those fed soy and corn.
Colostrum & Osteoporosis
73. Kydonaki EK, Freitas L, Fonseca BM, et al. Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Improves Bone Metabolism in an Osteoporosis-Induced Animal Model. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):2981.
Summary: BC supplementation improves bone metabolism with the bovine colostrum group having significantly higher cortical bone mineral content and trabecular bone mineral content. Serum osteocalcin was also higher in the colostrum group.
74. Lee J, Kwon SH, Kim HM, Fahey SN, Knighton DR, Sansom A. Effect of a Growth Protein-Colostrum Fraction on bone development in juvenile rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2008;72(1):1-6.
Summary: In rats, colostrum enhanced the growth and mineralization of the femur as evidenced by increased serum osteocalcin and bone mineral density. Researcher also observed increased levels of serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1.
Colostrum & Brain Health
75. Leszek J, Inglot AD, Janusz M, Lisowski J, Krukowska K, Georgiades JA. Colostrinin: a proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) complex isolated from ovine colostrum for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1999;47(6):377-385.
Summary: Oral administration ofcColostrinin obtained from colostrum improves the outcome of AD patients with mild to moderate dementia.
76. Kim SE, Ko IG, Shin MS, Kim CJ, Ko YG, Cho H. Neuroprotective effects of bovine colostrum on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death in rats. Neural Regen Res. 2012;7(22):1715-1721.
Summary: Colostrum may have a beneficial role in recovering brain function following hemorrhagic stroke by suppressing apoptotic cell death.
Colostrum & Longevity
77. Theng Choon Ooi, Azizan Ahmad, Nor Fadilah Rajab, Razinah Sharif,
Effects of 12 weeks colostrum milk supplement among older adults: A randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. International Dairy Journal. 2024: 149: 05819.
Summary: In older adults (50-69), those receiving colostrum showed significant drops in BMI, Hip Circumference, and also demonstrated improvements in fitness tests and white cell blood counts. They also showed a significant improvement in verbal memory.
Colostrum & Rheumatoid Arthritis
78. Hung LH, Wu CH, Lin BF, Hwang LS. Hyperimmune colostrum alleviates rheumatoid arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis murine model. J Dairy Sci. 2018;101(5):3778-3787.
Summary: In mice with rheumatoid arthritis, those fed hyperimmune colostrum had significantly lower total swelling scores, significantly lower collagen-specific antibody scores and also had lower levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Colostrum & Multiple Sclerosis
79. Ebina T, Sato A, Umezu K, et al. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with anti-measles cow colostrum. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1984;173(2):87-93.
Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) showed symptom improvement when treated with measles hyperimmune colostrum.